Varicose veins, medically known as venous ulcers, are chronic wounds that occur as a result of inadequate functioning of the veins in the legs. These wounds are usually seen in the lower legs, especially around the ankles. Venous ulcers occur due to difficulties in transporting blood from the legs back to the heart. When the veins do not function properly, blood builds up in the legs, causing increased intravascular pressure. As a result, the skin and surrounding tissues are damaged, leading to the formation of a venous ulcer.

The main cause of venous ulcers is chronic venous insufficiency. This condition is characterized by the valves in the veins being damaged or not functioning properly, causing blood to leak backwards and accumulate in the vein. The veins expand, swell, and put pressure on the surrounding tissues, which can be damaging. Risk factors include age, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, previous vein occlusions or trauma, a family history of venous disease, and standing for long periods of time.

The primary goal of treating venous ulcers is to heal the wound and prevent recurrence. Treatment usually includes wound care, pressure therapy, and interventions to correct underlying venous insufficiency. Wound care includes cleaning the wound, protecting it with appropriate dressings, and reducing the risk of infection. Pressure therapy helps to reduce intravascular pressure by using elastic bandages or compression stockings.

There are various minimally invasive methods for the treatment of underlying venous insufficiency. These methods include techniques such as laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, echosclerotherapy and sclerotherapy. In addition, it is important for the success of the treatment that patients make lifestyle changes, maintain weight control, exercise regularly and avoid standing for long periods of time.